Microsoft’s passwordless plans lets users switch to app-based login

Microsoft has announced users can now delete all passwords from their accounts and instead login using an authenticator app or other solution.

The technology giant made passwordless accounts available for business users of its products in March.

And that system is now being made available to all Microsoft or Windows users.

It said “nearly 100% of our employees” were already using the new, more secure system for their corporate accounts.

If passwordless login is enabled, users re-logging in to a Microsoft account will be asked to give their fingerprint, or other secure unlock, on their mobile phone.

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And this is far more secure than using passwords, which can be guessed or stolen, according to Microsoft.

“Only you can provide fingerprint authentication or provide the right response on your mobile at the right time,” it said.

Windows users will still be able to use quick-login features such as a Pin code, though.

Some rare exceptions will still need passwords, such as Office 2010, Xbox 360 consoles, and Windows 8.1 or earlier machines.

And if access to the authenticator app is lost – for example, if the phone it is installed on is lost or stolen or a user forgets when upgrading – backup options can be used, including:

Windows Hello facial recognition, which requires a compatible laptop or special camera
a physical security key, which must be used on the device logging in
Short Message Service (SMS) or email codes
But SMS and email are two of the most common channels for cyber-criminals targeting specific individuals

And Microsoft says security-conscious users who have two-factor authentication set up will need to have access to two different recovery methods.

Prof Alan Woodward, part of a research team investigating passwordless authentication, at the University of Surrey, called it “quite a bold step from Microsoft”.

“This isn’t just logging into PCs, it’s logging into online services as well” – including important ones such as cloud storage, he said.

Microsoft laid out its reasons for the new system in a series of blog posts.

Security vice-president Vasu Jakkal wrote: “Passwords are incredibly inconvenient to create, remember, and manage across all the accounts in our lives.

“We are expected to create complex and unique passwords, remember them, and change them frequently – but nobody likes doing that.”

Instead, people tended to create insecure passwords that technically cleared the bar for using symbols, numbers or case sensitivity – but in order to remember them, used a repeated formula or the same password on multiple websites.

And that led to hackers guessing them or revealing them in a data breach and reusing them.

“Hackers don’t break in, they log in,” the blog post read.

‘Pummelled home’
The new passwordless feature greets users with a box saying: “A passwordless account reduces the risk of phishing and password attacks.”

And once the feature is set up, a confirmation tells users: “You have increased the security of your account and improved your sign-in experience by removing your password”.

Microsoft’s claims about poor password use were largely true, Prof Woodward said.

“The message has been pummelled home about what good password hygiene looks like – but it’s easier said than done,” he said.

Passwords were a decades-old concept “and maybe the time is now right to start looking for something different”.

But there were no currently agreed standards.

“There are a number of different ways this could be done – and it would be good if everybody moved on, really, and tried to find a way of doing this,” Prof Woodward said.

Apple rushes to block ‘zero-click’ iPhone spyware

Apple has issued a software patch to block so-called “zero-click” spyware that could infect iPhones and iPads.

Independent researchers identified the flaw, which lets hackers access devices through the iMessage service even if users do not click on a link or file.

The problem affects all of the technology giant’s operating systems, the researchers said.

Apple said it issued the security update in response to a “maliciously crafted” PDF file.

University of Toronto’s Citizen Lab, which first highlighted the issue, had previously found evidence of zero-click spyware, but “this is the first one where the exploit has been captured so we can find out how it works,” said researcher Bill Marczak.

The researchers said that the previously unknown vulnerability affected all major Apple devices, including iPhones, Macs and Apple Watches.

Citizen Lab also said the security issue was exploited to plant spyware on a Saudi activist’s iPhone, adding that it had high confidence that the Israeli hacker-for-hire firm, NSO Group, was behind that attack.

In a statement to the Reuters news agency, NSO did not confirm or deny that it was behind the spyware, saying only that it would “continue to provide intelligence and law enforcement agencies around the world with life-saving technologies to fight terror and crime”.

Security experts have said that although the discovery is significant, most users of Apple devices should not be overly concerned as such attacks are usually highly targeted.

Apple said in a blog post that it had issued the iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8 software patches after it became aware of a report that the flaw “may have been actively exploited”.

The announcement came as the technology giant prepared to unveil new devices at its annual launch event on Tuesday.

The company is expected to reveal new iPhones and updates to its AirPods and Apple Watch.

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Analysis by Joe Tidy, Cyber Reporter
Apple’s iMessage is one of the most secure messaging apps in the world but clearly it had a dangerous weakness that a hacking team found and exploited.

The news will embarrass Apple which prides itself on being a secure and safe system.

The revelation is potentially another blow to the reputation of NSO Group which is still reeling from recent accusations of widespread spy hacks on innocent people.

It also highlights once again that no device is fully safe if a determined, well-funded team wants to hack it and is paid enough to do so.

The good advice from all corners is for iOS users to update the security software of their devices as soon as possible to patch up the security hole.

But for the vast majority of users, the risk of being a target of this expensive and highly-skilled hacking, is low.

Apple iPhone risk from powerful motorbike vibrations

IPhone owners should beware picking up bad vibrations from powerful motorbikes, as they may damage camera systems, Apple has said.

The technology giant published a warning iPhones should not be attached to powerful bikes, in a support document spotted by MacRumors.

Engine vibrations can harm phones’ optical-image stabilisation or closed-loop autofocus systems, it says.

Owners of scooters and mopeds should also use “vibration-dampening mounts”.

On social media, several users have said their phones have been damaged after being attached to a motorcycle.

And Apple says several models of iPhone are susceptible to the damage.

‘High-amplitude vibrations’
The affected systems are designed to improve picture quality by counteracting movement, vibrations, and the effects of gravity.

But high-power or high-volume motorcycle engines generate “intense high-amplitude vibrations”, the support page says, which can be transmitted through the frame and handlebars.

“Direct exposure to high-amplitude vibrations within certain frequency ranges may degrade the performance of these systems and lead to reduced image quality for photos and videos,” it says.

The solution is to refrain from attaching iPhones to the bike in the first place – something commonly done for navigation.

Apple dealt major blow in Epic Games trial

Apple has been dealt a major blow in its ongoing trial against Fortnite-maker Epic Games.

A court in Oakland, California, has ruled that Apple cannot stop app developers directing users to third-party payment options.

Apple had argued that all apps should use Apple’s own in-app payment options.

In a high profile trial, Epic Games had challenged the up-to-30% cut Apple takes from purchases – and argued that the App Store was monopolistic.

On Friday, Judge Yvonne Gonzalez-Rogers ruled that “the court cannot ultimately conclude that Apple is a monopolist”.

However she also issued a permanent injunction, stating that Apple could no longer prohibit developers linking to their own purchasing mechanisms.

For example, a movie-streaming service will now be able to tell customers to subscribe via its own website, without using Apple’s in-app purchasing mechanism.

Epic has also taken legal action against Google over its Play Store.

Apple’s closed payments system is hugely lucrative for the tech giant, although the company says it does not know exactly how much it makes.

The ruling effectively states that Apple cannot ban developers from communicating with customers. Often there are cheaper options for consumers away from the App Store, however Apple did not allow companies to tell consumers this.

Epic had argued that this was unreasonable and that developers should be able to inform users that they could make purchases away from the App Store.

However in a win for Apple, the judge also ruled Epic failed to demonstrate Apple was operating an illegal monopoly.

Judge Yvonne Gonzales-Rogers said: “Apple enjoys considerable market share of over 55% and extraordinary high profit margins.”

But added: “These factors alone do not show antitrust conduct. Success is not illegal.”

A spokesperson for Apple said: “Today the Court has affirmed what we’ve known all along: the App Store is not in violation of antitrust law.

“Apple faces rigorous competition in every segment in which we do business, and we believe customers and developers choose us because our products and services are the best in the world.”

Epic Games’ chief Tim Sweeney said the ruling was “not a win for developers or consumers” and vowed to “fight on”.

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Music streaming site Spotify said: “We are pleased with [the decision that] Apple engaged in anti-competitive conduct and has permanently prohibited their anti-steering provisions.”

The ruling also revealed that gaming apps account for 70% of App Store revenue.

It’s likely the decision will be appealed, perhaps by both sides.

Apple’s share price has fallen by 3% since the decision, wiping billions of dollars from its valuation.

Apple has been quick to claim victory – calling it a “resounding win”.

It is true that the judge mainly sided with Apple on Epic’s major contention, stating it is not a monopoly.

However the characterisation that Apple has “won” here is misleading.

Epic’s case against Apple was speculative. Many believed they didn’t stand a chance.

That the court has moved to allow in app purchases to be redirected away from the App Store could be a major blow to Apple’s business model.

It was revealed that 70% of Apple’s App Store revenue comes from gaming apps – an astonishing figure.

I say “could be” because it’s unclear how many people would choose to purchase away from the App Store, or to what extent that would dent Apple’s profits.

During the trial, Apple’s CEO Tim Cook said he didn’t know how much the company generates from the App Store. That makes trying to assess the damage this ruling could have on the company difficult.

Epic is saying it is disappointed in the ruling, and certainly the judge could have given them more.

But the decision has been welcomed by anti-trust campaigners, who believe Apple use their market dominance to bully developers.

‘Anti-radiation’ phone stickers still sold on Amazon

Stickers that claim to protect users against electromagnetic fields (EMF) from phones remain for sale on Amazon.

The listings remain eight months after scientists told the BBC the smartDOT stickers had “no effect”.

This week the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) also criticised the claims on the makers’ website.

The firm has told the BBC it is changing its website, product descriptions, advertising and marketing – including on Amazon.

On Wednesday, the ASA found that Global EMF Solutions Ltd had made unsubstantiated claims on the Energydots website that EMF were harmful and that its stickers offered “protection”.

It told the company it must no longer use phrases such as: “SmartDOT protected users from EMF emitted from wireless devices and helped users feel energised, more focused and less stressed.”

It must also not suggest that EMF from wireless devices were harmful to health, the ASA ruled.

In January, as part of the BBC’s investigation, the University of Surrey tested 4G mobile phones and wi-fi access points with and without the smartDOT stickers applied to them.

The researchers found no evidence of any effect, although Energydots said that measuring the “harmonising” effect of the stickers would require “biological testing”.

At the time of the investigation, SmartDOT was available for sale on Amazon and the firm told the BBC it would investigate.

Eight months later, the Energydot store on Amazon was still selling smartDOT stickers, even after the ASA ruling.

But after the BBC contacted both firms the smartDOT product listing was removed from the Energydot Amazon store, although the stickers remain for sale elsewhere on Amazon.

The product description says the stickers provided “everyday protection from EMF”. The listing said the stickers “can be stuck on all devices to reduce everyday harmful magnetic radiation”.

Energydot told the BBC that it was changing its website, marketing materials, product descriptions and adverts in line with the ASA ruling.

It said its new listings with Amazon were currently “under review” and that changes would be completed by Monday 13 September.

When asked what it would say about smartDOT, given that it can no longer claim it “protects” against EMF, the company said its marketing materials would be “legally compliant”.

PayPal raises fees between UK and Europe

PayPal is introducing new fees for payments between businesses in the UK and those in Europe, from November.

British businesses will be charged a 1.29% fee for payments from the European Economic Area and vice versa.

Most currently pay about 0.5% in similar charges, which have remained unchanged since before the UK left the EU customs union and single market.

PayPal said it was now incurring extra costs, such as the rise in interchange fees between the UK and EEA.

European rules capping credit and debit card interchange fees at 0.2% and 0.3% no longer apply to UK businesses.

And both Visa and Mastercard have announced they will raise them fivefold from mid-October.

‘Highly competitive’
The EEA is made up of the 27 remaining European Union states plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.

And the new charges apply to the whole of the UK, Guernsey, Jersey, Gibraltar, and the Isle of Man.

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Most businesses will see their current 0.5% fee raised to 1.29% – still lower than PayPal’s standard 1.99% for the rest of the world – but some of those with their own customised agreements with PayPal will have their existing rate raised by 1.29%.

The new fee was first mentioned on the same day the company announced it would accept cryptocurrency Bitcoin but details were not released until this week.

PayPal said it was “simplifying” its cross-border fees.

“In a highly competitive market, this will make it easier for these businesses to compare PayPal’s pricing with that of other providers and to better appreciate the value we provide,” it said.

‘Stronger support’
The Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) said any rise in payment-platform fees “is unwelcome news for small businesses and entrepreneurs”.

“Since the start of the year, around one in four small exporters have stopped exporting to the EU, citing amongst other reasons the costs involved in selling to EU-based customers,” vice-chairman Martin McTague said.

And over the past three months, a little over 40% of small exporters said the value of their exports had dropped.

“We need to see stronger support for small exporters from the government, including a relaunched SME [Small and Medium Enterprises]Brexit Support Fund and a reformed Tradeshow Access Programme,” McTague added.

Starmer should be inspired by Biden over workers’ rights – TUC leader

Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer should take inspiration from US President Joe Biden in promoting workers’ rights, the head of the UK’s unions has argued.

TUC general secretary Frances O’Grady said better pay and conditions must become “absolutely central” to the party’s pitch to voters.

She praised Mr Biden for making the “dignity of work” a major slogan in his successful presidential campaign.

Ms O’Grady also urged the government to clarify what “levelling up” means.

Speaking to the BBC ahead of the TUC’s annual congress, which starts on Sunday, she said a government “of any colour” needed to prioritise tackling inequality.

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Over the summer, Labour pledged to give workers “full” employment rights – including flexible working and ending the practice of fire-and-rehire, where staff are dismissed and taken back on, often on worse terms – from their first day in a new job.

Ms O’Grady called these policies “really encouraging”, but urged Sir Keir to promote them more vigorously when he addresses TUC delegates on Tuesday.

“He’s got another opportunity to set out in primary colours what his agenda for working people in this country is,” she said.

“I hope he will take some inspiration from what we’ve seen from President Biden and in New Zealand and a number of other countries, with that whole issue of dignity at work becoming absolutely central to the public policy agenda and that recognition that there has to be a major reset on workers’ rights.”

At the 2019 general election, which his Conservative Party won by a landslide, Boris Johnson promised to “level up” all parts of the UK, including boosting transport links, skills training and business opportunities in poorer areas.

The prime minister said in July that this would mean giving more power to local leaders, but critics have described the plan – on which more detail is expected later this month – as vague.

“The pressure is on the government to define levelling up,” said Ms O’Grady. “People in the country want a sharp definition. It must include making working lives better.

“There’s a sharp picture of a Covid class chasm between those who kept on going into work throughout the pandemic, keeping us fed, safe and looked after, and the better-off in society.”

This year, the UK’s two biggest unions – Unison and Unite – have elected female leaders for the first time.

This followed a damning report last year about the former leadership of the third-largest union, the GMB, which found it was “institutionally sexist”, with bullying, misogyny, cronyism and sexual harassment “endemic”.

Ms O’Grady said she was “absolutely delighted” that Sharon Graham and Christina McAnea – two “very strong” figures – were now in charge of Unite and Unison.

“When the GMB story came out I felt really let down and angry. Too often it was discussed around the politics of the union,” she added.

“Those women [who made complaints] should have been front and centre of everybody’s considerations, because no woman should have to put up with that kind of behaviour.”

Unions were working hard to prevent harassment at work, she said, adding: “When it comes to the union movement, people need to be able to look and see themselves, in terms of leadership, so the changes we’ve seen will make a difference.”

The TUC annual congress, held in central London with most delegates taking part online, runs from Sunday to Tuesday.

Tripwire boss steps down over support for Texas abortion law

The president of game-studio Tripwire Interactive has stepped down after tweeting support for a controversial new abortion law in Texas.

The Texas law bans abortions from as early as six weeks into pregnancy.

John Gibson tweeted he was “proud” of the legal outcome and was a “a pro-life game developer”.

Some of the studio’s partners rapidly distanced themselves from Mr Gibson, with one announcing it would cancel its contracts over the issue.

And two days after the tweet was posted, amid an avalanche of criticism, Tripwire said: “Effective immediately, John Gibson has stepped down.”

Mr Gibson’s comments had been his own – and not the company’s, it said.

“His comments disregarded the values of our whole team, our partners and much of our broader community,” Tripwire said.

“Our leadership team at Tripwire are deeply sorry and are unified in our commitment to take swift action and to foster a more positive environment.”

Intense controversy
Tripwire is a developer of titles including Man Eater, in which gamers play as a shark, and the publisher of medieval-combat game Chivalry 2.

Mr Gibson had tweeted: “As an entertainer, I don’t get political often.”

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But he was “proud of US Supreme Court affirming the Texas law banning abortion for babies with a heartbeat” – a description medical authorities say is misleading.

“With so many vocal peers on the other side of this issue, I felt it was important to go on the record as a pro-life game developer,” he had added.

The tweet quickly generated intense controversy.

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Many individual gamers called for a boycott of Tripwire’s games, sharing tips on how to hide listings for its products in Steam’s online game store or making donations to women’s charities in Mr Gibson’s name.

Supporters of the Texas law also responded, with the original tweet clocking up nearly 13,000 replies.

But Shipwright Studios, a “work-for-hire” studio that contributed to some of Tripwire’s games, wrote it was ending a three-year relationship because of Mr Gibson’s comments.

“While your politics are your own, the moment you make them a matter of public discourse you entangle all of those working for and with you,” Shipwright Studios said.

“We cannot in good conscience continue to work with Tripwire under the current leadership… [and] will begin the cancellation of our existing contracts”.

Chivalry 2 creator Torn Banner Studios also condemned Mr Gibson’s stance.

“This perspective is not shared by our team, nor is it reflected in the games we create,” it wrote.

“The statement stands in opposition to what we believe about women’s rights.”

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Tripwire said vice-president and co-founder Alan Wilson would take over as interim chief executive, promising to listen to remaining concerns from employees and external partners.

“His understanding of both the company’s culture and the creative vision of our games will carry the team through this transition,” it added.

Mr Gibson has been contacted for comment.

TikTok overtakes YouTube for average watch time in US and UK

App users in the UK and US are spending more time on TikTok than on YouTube, a new report suggests.

Data from app monitoring firm App Annie indicates that average time per user spent on the apps is higher for TikTok, indicating high levels of engagement.

App Annie characterised TikTok as having “upended the streaming and social landscape”.

However, YouTube retains the top spot for overall time spent – not per user – as it has many more users overall.

The Google-owned video giant has an estimated two billion monthly users, while TikTok’s most recent public figures suggested it had about 700 million in mid-2020.

App Annie specialises in analysis of the apps market.

The “time spent” metric in its report only accounts for Android phones – but also does not include China, where TikTok – known locally as Douyin – is a major app.

‘Mass audience’
“YouTube still leads TikTok in overall time spent, including in the UK,” explained Jamie MacEwan, from Enders Analysis.

“YouTube’s mass audience means it’s getting more demographics that are comparatively light internet users… it’s just reaching everyone who’s online.”

The most-invested YouTube users probably “match or surpass” the engagement of TikTokers, he said.

But “none of that’s to say TikTok isn’t a success”, he added.

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“TikTok was spending big to attract users, but they were not necessarily hanging around for long compared to other social media,” he said.

“Now we know that in the US and UK, TikTok has overhauled YouTube, and is reeling in Facebook… that’s a huge seal of approval.”

The “time spent” metric in App Annie’s report only accounts for Android phones – but also does not include China, where TikTok – known locally as Douyin – is a major app.

It shows that in the UK, TikTok surpassed YouTube back in June 2020, and has maintained its lead since. In the US, TikTok and YouTube traded places multiple times late last year before TikTok emerged on top in April 2021.

Other metrics tracked by the firm reflect TikTok’s increasing importance.

Among social, communication, photo, video and entertainment apps, TikTok is ranked as the most-downloaded worldwide since 2020. It also competes with YouTube for the top spot in consumer spending since last year.

Spendy streaming
App Annie’s report also suggests that apps with live-streaming – including TikTok – are fuelling a surge in money spent on creators.

Apps that have live-streaming as “a prominent feature” accounted for three-quarters of money spent in the top 25 social apps in the first half of 2021, the report says.

On gaming site Twitch, for example, viewers can purchase “Bits” – a virtual currency – and spend them to “cheer” streamers during a live stream. Or they can set up a recurring subscription to a creator’s channel in exchange for subscriber-only benefits.

Tiktok lets users tip creators with “coins” – its own version of “bits”, while YouTube runs similar programmes for its live streams.

“Live-streaming is driving growth in engagement for social apps, which sets them up for consumer spend,” App Annie says.

The report also highlights another winner in the past year – Snapchat.

The augmented-reality focused messaging app saw its downloads outside the US grow by nearly 30% year-on-year, and by 45% on two years ago, App Annie’s data suggests.

Apple delays plan to scan iPhones for child abuse

Apple has delayed plans to roll out detection technology which would have scanned US users’ iPhones in search of child sexual abuse material.

It follows widespread criticism from privacy groups and others, worried that the on-device tracking set a dangerous precedent.

Apple said that it had listened to the negative feedback and was reconsidering.

There were concerns the system could be abused by authoritarian states.

The so-called NeuralHash technology would have scanned images just before they are uploaded to iCloud Photos. Then it would have matched them against known child sexual abuse material on a database maintained by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

If a match was found then it would have been manually reviewed by a human and, if required, steps taken to disable a user’s account and report it to law enforcement.

It was due to launch later in the year.

In a statement, Apple said: “Last month we announced plans for features intended to help protect children from predators who use communication tools to recruit and exploit them, and limit the spread of child sexual abuse material.

“Based on feedback from customers, advocacy groups, researchers and others, we have decided to take additional time over the coming months to collect input and make improvements before releasing these critically important child safety features.”

Privacy campaigners expressed concern that the technology could be expanded and used by authoritarian governments to spy on citizens.

The Electronic Frontiers Foundation has been one of the most vocal critics of the system, gathering a petition signed by 25,000 customers opposing the move.

Its executive director Cindy Cohn told the BBC: “The company must go further than just listening and drop its plans to put a backdoor into its encryption entirely.”

“The enormous coalition that has spoken out will continue to demand that user phones – both their messages and their photos – be protected, and that the company maintains its promise to provide real privacy to its users.”

Apple has been an exponent of privacy and end-to-end encryption in the past.